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Background:  It is perceived that children living in peasants' households are protected from undernutrition owing to a relative better food availability. However, evidence suggests an increased vulnerability that is not conforming to such norm and varies from one region to another. To address this research gap, we examined the magnitude and factors associated with stunting among under-5 children from peasant's households and compared them with children of other households in a rural district in Tanzania.   Methods:  This cross-sectional study was conducted in Bukombe district, Tanzania, among the randomly selected 358 under-5 child-caregiver pairs. We collected data through face-to-face interviews and took anthropometric measurements, which were converted to height for age Z-score. Data were analyzed using both descriptive and logistic regression methods to compare the nutrition status of children in two contexts and determine other factors associated with stunting among children in Bukombe district.   Results:  Under-5 children in Bukombe district succumbed to a higher magnitude of stunting (52.8%) compared to the national average. In comparison to the children from the other households, those residing in peasant households succumbed to even higher burden of stunting (46 vs. 56%). Poor feeding practices were common in these communities and more pronounced among peasant communities. About 71% of children in peasants' households had lower dietary diversity compared to 55% of other households ( p  = 0.003). Other factors associated with stunting included older age (AOR = 2.74,  p  = 0.003), severe food insecurity (AOR = 3.34,  p  = 0.002), and birth weight (AOR = 0.31,  p  = 0.02).   Conclusion:  Children of peasants' households in Bukombe district are at a higher risk of stunting compared to households with other occupations despite their engagement in farming. In addressing this persistent challenge in rural Tanzania and areas with similar context, efforts should be streamlined to address poor feeding practices, food insecurity, and the interventions tailored for maternal nutrition to ameliorate low birth weight.

Stunting in the Context of Plenty: Unprecedented Magnitudes Among Children of Peasant's Households in Bukombe, Tanzania