English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

We have built a stochastic model in the program MCell that simulates Ca 2+  transients in spines from the principal molecular components believed to control Ca 2+  entry and exit. Proteins, with their kinetic models, are located within two segments of dendrites containing 88 intact spines, centered in a fully reconstructed 6 × 6 × 5 μm 3  cube of hippocampal neuropil. Protein components include AMPA- and NMDA-type glutamate receptors, L- and R-type voltage-dependent Ca 2+  channels, Na + /Ca 2+  exchangers, plasma membrane Ca 2+  ATPases, smooth endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+  ATPases, immobile Ca 2+  buffers, and calbindin. Kinetic models for each protein were taken from published studies of the isolated proteins  in vitro . For simulation of electrical stimuli, the time course of voltage changes in the dendritic spine was generated with the desired stimulus in the program NEURON. Voltage-dependent parameters were then continuously re-adjusted during simulations in MCell to reproduce the effects of the stimulus. Nine parameters of the model were optimized within realistic experimental limits by a process that compared results of simulations to published data. We find that simulations in the optimized model reproduce the timing and amplitude of Ca 2+  transients measured experimentally in intact neurons. Thus, we demonstrate that the characteristics of individual isolated proteins determined  in vitro  can accurately reproduce the dynamics of experimentally measured Ca 2+  transients in spines. The model will provide a test bed for exploring the roles of additional proteins that regulate Ca 2+  influx into spines and for studying the behavior of protein targets in the spine that are regulated by Ca 2+  influx.

Computational reconstitution of spine calcium transients from individual proteins