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A recent line of work has found remarkable success in relating perceptual decision-making and the spiking activity in the macaque lateral intraparietal area (LIP). In this review, we focus on questions about the neural  computations  in LIP that are not answered by demonstrations of neural  correlates  of psychological processes. We highlight three areas of limitations in our current understanding of the precise neural computations that might underlie neural correlates of decisions: (1)  empirical questions  not yet answered by existing data; (2)  implementation issues  related to how neural circuits could actually implement the mechanisms suggested by both extracellular neurophysiology and psychophysics; and (3)  ecological constraints  related to the use of well-controlled laboratory tasks and whether they provide an accurate window on sensorimotor computation. These issues motivate the adoption of a more general “encoding-decoding framework” that will be fruitful for more detailed contemplation of how neural computations in LIP relate to the formation of perceptual decisions.

Neural correlates and neural computations in posterior parietal cortex during perceptual decision-making