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Common input is a widely used concept in motor neurophysiology. It embodies the notion that inputs to individual spinal motor neurons (MNs) are not unique, but partly shared across MNs, and is considered the main explanation for synchronized activity of MNs (Bremner et al., 1991; Farmer et al., 1993; Boonstra and Breakspear, 2012; Farina and Negro, 2015). Motor-unit synchronization was first observed in the time domain using cross-correlation histograms from pairs of MNs (Sears and Stagg, 1976). This was later extended to the frequency domain by estimating coherence between spike trains to reveal the frequency content of common input (Farmer et al., 1993). In addition to measurements of individual MNs, coherence can also be estimated between the surface EMG of different muscles—referred to as intermuscular coherence—to assess common input shared across motor-unit pools (Boonstra and Breakspear, 2012). Common input is considered relevant for motor control as it may provide a mechanism to reduce the dimensionality of the control signal, thereby simplifying motor control (Farmer, 1998).

Using Computational Neuroscience to Define Common Input to Spinal Motor Neurons