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Background  Patients with essential tremor (ET) seem to be at increased risk of developing Parkinson’s disease (PD). Surprisingly, little has been written about this clinical entity, ET-PD. Cognitive dysfunction is a well-known feature of PD, and can also be an issue in patients with ET. Whether the presence of the combined diagnosis, ET-PD, is associated with additive cognitive effects as compared with PD has not been studied.    Methods  Thirty ET-PD patients and 53 age-matched PD patients were enrolled in a clinical-epidemiological study. Two cognitive screens, the Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS, score = 0–41) and Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE; range 0–30), were administered.    Results  The MMSE score was lower in ET-PD than PD [26.5 ± 3.1 (median 28.0) vs. 28.4 ± 2.2 (median 29.0),  p  = 0.001]. The TICS score was lower in ET-PD than PD [31.7 ± 3.9 (32.0) vs. 35.0 ± 2.0 (35.0),  p  < 0.001]. Subscores of these tests that related to orientation ( p  < 0.001), language ( p  < 0.001), and working memory ( p  = 0.001) were lower in ET-PD than PD, whereas the delayed memory subscore was only marginally lower in ET-PD than PD ( p  = 0.06), and the two groups did not differ with respect to the motor/construction subscore ( p  = 0.22). Both global cognitive scores were inversely correlated with disease duration (for MMSE score, Spearman’s  r  = −0.46,  p  < 0.001; for TICS score, Spearman’s  r  = −0.53,  p  < 0.001).    Conclusion  The combined diagnosis, ET-PD, seemed to be associated with additive cognitive effects as compared with PD alone.

Poorer Cognitive Performance in Patients with Essential Tremor-Parkinsonâ€™s Disease vs. Patients with Parkinsonâ€™s Disease