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Background:  The hexanucleotide repeat expansion in intron 1 of the  C9orf72  gene is recognized as the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). There are overlapping clinical and pathological characteristics between FTD and Parkinsonism syndrome, and some FTD patients may present with Parkinsonism. The aim of this study was to analyze the hexanucleotide repeat numbers of  C9orf72  gene in a mixed Taiwanese cohort with FTD, Parkinsonism syndrome, Parkinson’s disease (PD), and Alzheimer’s dementia (AD).   Method:  The number of hexanucleotide repeats was estimated in a total of 482 patients with mixed neurodegenerative disorders and 485 control subjects, using a two-step repeat-primed polymerase chain reaction-based genotyping strategy. The individual groups of patients included patients with Parkinsonism syndrome ( n  = 95), familial PD ( n  = 109), young-onset PD ( n  = 201), FTD ( n  = 9), sporadic AD ( n  = 61), and early-onset AD ( n  = 7).   Results:  We did not identify any pathogenic repeats (>30 repeats) of  C9orf72  in either the patients or control subjects. However, we found one young-onset PD patient and one control subject that each had an intermediate number of repeats (25 and 21 repeats, respectively). The clinical phenotype of the young-onset PD in this patient was similar to typical idiopathic PD without additional features, and the patient responded well to levodopa treatment.   Conclusion:  The repeat expansion in  C9orf72  is not a common cause of PD, Parkinsonism syndrome, or dementia in our population. Further studies are needed to investigate the clinical and biological significance of intermediate repeats in  C9orf72 .

Lack of C9orf72 Repeat Expansion in Taiwanese Patients with Mixed Neurodegenerative Disorders