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The mammalian superior colliculus (SC) is a sensorimotor midbrain structure responsible for orienting behaviors. Although many SC features are known, details of its intrinsic microcircuits are lacking. We used transgenic mice expressing reporter genes in parvalbumin-positive (PV + ) and gamma aminobutyric acid-positive (GABA + ) neurons to test the hypothesis that PV +  neurons co-localize GABA and form inhibitory circuits within the SC. We found more PV +  neurons in the superficial compared to the intermediate SC, although a larger percentage of PV +  neurons co-expressed GABA in the latter. Unlike PV +  neurons, PV + /GABA +  neurons showed predominantly rapidly inactivating spiking patterns. Optogenetic activation of PV +  neurons revealed direct and feedforward GABAergic inhibitory synaptic responses, as well as excitatory glutamatergic synapses. We propose that PV +  neurons in the SC may be specialized for a variety of circuit functions within the SC rather than forming a homogeneous, GABAergic neuronal subtype as they appear to in other regions of the brain.

Parvalbumin and GABA Microcircuits in the Mouse Superior Colliculus