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Monitoring astrocytic Ca 2+  activity is essential to understand the physiological and pathological roles of astrocytes in the brain. However, previous commonly used methods for studying astrocytic Ca 2+  activities can be applied in only anesthetized or head-fixed animals, which significantly affects  in vivo  astrocytic Ca 2+  dynamics. In the current study, we combined optic fiber recordings with genetically encoded Ca 2+  indicators (GECIs) to monitor astrocytic activity in freely behaving mice. This approach enabled selective and reliable measurement of astrocytic Ca 2+  activity, which was verified by the astrocyte-specific labeling of GECIs and few movement artifacts. Additionally, astrocytic Ca 2+  activities induced by locomotion or footshock were stably recorded in the cortices and hippocampi of freely behaving mice. Furthermore, this method allowed for the longitudinal study of astrocytic activities over several weeks. This work provides a powerful approach to record astrocytic activity selectively, stably, and chronically in freely behaving mice.

Monitoring Astrocytic Ca2+ Activity in Freely Behaving Mice