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Mosquitoes exhibit highly diverse and fast evolving odorant receptors (ORs). The indole-sensitive OR gene clade, comprised of  Or2  and  Or10  is a notable exception on account of its conservation in both mosquito subfamilies. This group of paralogous genes exhibits a complex developmental expression pattern in  Aedes aegypti :  AaegOr2  is expressed in both adults and larvae,  AaegOr10  is adult-specific and a third member named  AaegOr9  is larva-specific. OR2 and OR10 have been deorphanized and are selectively activated by indole and skatole, respectively. Using the two-electrode voltage clamp of  Xenopus  oocytes expressing  Ae .  aegypti  ORs, we show that AaegOR9 is supersensitive and narrowly tuned to skatole. Our findings suggest that  Ae .  aegypti  has evolved two distinct molecular strategies to detect skatole in aquatic and terrestrial environments, highlighting the central ecological roles of indolic compounds in the evolutionary and life histories of these insects.

Supersensitive Odorant Receptor Underscores Pleiotropic Roles of Indoles in Mosquito Ecology