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Recent progress in neuroscience to image and investigate brain function hasbeen made possible by impressive developments in optogenetic and opto-moleculartools. Such research requires advances in optical techniques for the deliveryof light through brain tissue with high spatial resolution. The tissue causesdistortions of the wavefront of the incoming light which broadens the focus,thereby reducing the intensity and resolution especially in techniquesrequiring focal illumination. Adaptive wavefront correction has beendemonstrated to compensate for these distortions. However, in many situationsiterative derivation of the corrective wavefront introduces time constraintsthat limit its usefulness when used to probe living cells. Here we demonstratea direct and fast technique by working with a small set of Zernike modes anddemonstrate that corrections derived a priori can lead to significantimprovement of the focus. We verify this idea by the electrical response ofwhole-cell patched neurons following two-photon photolysis of cagedneurotransmitters along its dendrites.In particular, we find that theorganization of the neuropile in the cortical region of rat brain slicesprovidesufficient a priori information to preselect an effective wavefront correction.

Identifying signature Zernike modes for efficient light delivery through brain tissue