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The acoustic startle reflex (ASR) that can be induced by a loud soundstimulus can be used as a versatile tool to, e.g., estimate hearing thresholdsor identify subjective tinnitus percepts in rodents. These techniques are basedon the fact that the ASR amplitude can be suppressed by a pre-stimulus oflower, non-startling intensity, an effect named pre-pulse inhibition (PPI). Forhearing threshold estimation, pure tone pre-stimuli of varying amplitudes arepresented before an intense noise burst serving as startle stimulus. The amountof suppression of the ASR amplitude as a function of the pre-stimulus intensitycan be used as a behavioral correlate to determine the hearing ability. Fortinnitus assessment, the pure-tone pre-stimulus is replaced by a gap of silencein a narrowband noise background, a paradigm termed GPIAS (gap-pre-pulseinhibition of the acoustic startle response). A proper application of theseparadigms depend on a reliable measurement of the ASR amplitudes, an exactstimulus presentation in terms of frequency and intensity. Here we introduce anovel open source solution for the construction of a low-cost ASR setup for theabove mentioned purpose. The complete software for data acquisition andstimulus presentation is written in Python 3.6 and is provided as an anacondapackage. Furthermore, we provide a construction plan for the sensory systembased on low-cost hardware components. Exemplary data show that the ratios(1-PPI) of the pre and post trauma ASR amplitudes can be well described by alognormal distribution being in good accordance to previous studies withalready established setups. Hence, the open access solution described here willhelp to further establish the ASR method in many laboratories and thusfacilitate and standardize research in animal models of tinnitus or hearingloss.

frontiers in behavioral neuroscience

Open(G)PIAS: An open source solution for the construction of a  high-precision Acoustic-Startle-Response (ASR) setup for tinnitus screening  and threshold estimation in rodents