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attentional processing activates similar brain regions (Pessoa, 2009). Pessoa (2009) suggested that the attentional network involves fronto-parietal regions, including the middle frontal gyrus, anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), inferior frontal gyrus, and anterior insula, which also involved in the processing of faces and emotional infor-mation. Overlapping brain networks of face and attentional processing suggested the role of attention in face processing. This explanation is fits with electrophysi-ological reports of atypical larger N200 were observed in WS, which was found to be correlated with performance on the Benton test (Mills et al., 2000). Larger N200 reflect increased attention to faces. In addition, the WS group showed dispro-portionate increases in volume and gray matter density in some brain regions of attention (ACC, anterior insula) as well as other regions including amygdala, orbital prefrontal cortices, and superior temporal gyrus, which are known to participate in emotion and face processing. The larger volume and gray matter density of the attentional networks may help WS indi-viduals to attend faces and may under-lie the islands of preserved skills of face processing in WS. This explanation fits with findings of Golarai et al. (2010) who showed that WS individuals are efficient in face recognition. This neuroanatomical link between attention and face process-ing was not made explicit by Golarai et al. (2010), which has important implications for the role of attentional mechanisms serving face processing in WS individuals.Alternatively, enhancement of face processing in WS might be aided by visual input received by primary visual cortex. For example, Galaburda and Bellugi (2000) suggested that the average size of cortical neurons was found to be greater in primary visual cortex in WS individuals than in con-trol brains, coupled with normal cell pack-ing density, which could result in enhanced visual input of face processing in WS brains.

Attentional, Visual, and Emotional Mechanisms of Face Processing Proficiency in Williams Syndrome