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Superbugs are a public health problem, increasing the need of new drugs and strategies to combat them. Our group has previously identified LyeTxI, an antimicrobial peptide isolated from  Lycosa erythrognatha  spider venom. From LyeTxI, we synthesized and characterized a derived peptide named LyeTxI-b, which has shown significant  in vitro  and  in vivo  activity. In this work, we elucidate the interaction of LyeTxI-b with artificial membranes as well as its effects on resistant strains of bacteria in planktonic conditions or biofilms. Isothermal titration calorimetry revealed that LyeTxI-b interacts more rapidly and with higher intensity with artificial vesicles, showing higher affinity to anionic vesicles, when compared to synthetic LyeTxI. In calcein experiments, LyeTxI-b caused greater levels of vesicle cleavage. Both peptides showed antibacterial activity at concentrations of μmol L −1  against 12 different clinically isolated strains, in planktonic conditions, in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, both peptides elicited a dose-dependent production of reactive oxygen species in methicillin-resistant  Staphylococcus aureus . In  S. aureus  biofilm assay, LyeTxI-b was more potent than LyeTxI. However, none of these peptides reduced  Escherichia coli  biofilms. Our results show LyeTxI-b as a promising drug against clinically resistant strains, being a template for developing new antibiotics.

Synthetic Peptides Derived From Lycosa Erythrognatha Venom: Interaction With Phospholipid Membranes and Activity Against Resistant Bacteria