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The current theoretical proposals of minimal genomes have not attempted to outline the essential machinery for proper translation in cells. Here, we present a proposal of a minimal translation machinery based on (1) a comparative analysis of bacterial genomes of insects’ endosymbionts using a machine learning classification algorithm, (2) the empiric genomic information obtained from  Mycoplasma mycoides  JCVI-syn3.0 the first minimal bacterial genome obtained by design and synthesis, and (3) a detailed functional analysis of the candidate genes based on essentiality according to the DEG database ( Escherichia coli  and  Bacillus subtilis ) and the literature. This proposed minimal translational machinery is composed by 142 genes which must be present in any synthetic prokaryotic cell designed for biotechnological purposes, 76.8% of which are shared with JCVI-syn3.0. Eight additional genes were manually included in the proposal for a proper and efficient translation.

The Minimal Translation Machinery: What We Can Learn From Naturally and Experimentally Reduced Genomes