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Pseudomonas aeruginosa  can cause infections in the blood, lungs (pneumonia), or other parts of the body after surgery. To investigate the molecular characteristics of β-lactam antibiotic resistance of  P. aeruginosa  isolated from a hospital population between 2015 and 2017, in this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility and the resistance gene profile of the bacteria were determined. The Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was used to characterize the clonal relatedness and sequencing and comparative genomic analysis were performed to analyze the structure of the resistance gene-related sequences. As a result, of the 260  P .  aeruginosa  strains analyzed, the resistance rates for 6 β-lactam antibiotics ranged from 4.6 to 9.6%. A total of 7 genotypes of 44 β-lactamase genes were identified in 23 isolates (8.9%, 23/260). Four transconjugants from different donors carrying  bla  CARB-3  exhibited a phenotype of reduced susceptibility to piperacillin–tazobactam, ceftazidime, and cefepime, and 2 transconjugants harboring  bla  IMP-45  exhibited a phenotype of reduced susceptibility to carbapenems.  bla  CARB  positive isolates ( n  = 12) presented six PFGE patterns, designated groups A to F. Two  bla  genes ( bla  IMP-45  and  bla  OXA-1 ) in PA1609 related to a class 1 integron ( intI1 - bla  IMP-45-  bla  OXA-1 - aac(6′)-Ib7 - catB3 - qacE∆1 - sul1 ) were encoded on a plasmid (pPA1609-475), while the  bla  CARB-3  gene of PA1616 also related to a class 1 integron was located on the chromosome. The results suggest that β-lactam antibiotic resistance and clonal dissemination exist in this hospital population. It indicates the necessity for molecular surveillance in tracking β-lactamase-producing strains and emphasizes the need for epidemiological monitoring.

Molecular Mechanism of the β-Lactamase Mediated β-Lactam Antibiotic Resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Isolated From a Chinese Teaching Hospital