English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Commercially available ELISAs for zonulin (pre-haptoglobin 2), a protein with tight junction regulatory activity in the epithelia, were recently shown to recognize other proteins that are structurally and functionally related to zonulin, termed zonulin family peptides (ZFPs). With little or no information about the identity and property of ZFPs, various commercial zonulin ELISA kits are widely utilized in research as a marker of intestinal permeability. Bacterial exposure is a known trigger for the secretion of zonulin, but it remains unclear whether distinct bacteria differ in their capability to stimulate zonulin secretion. We hypothesized that ZFPs are similar to zonulin regarding response to bacterial exposure and aimed to compare the effects of non-pathogenic, Gram-negative bacteria ( Escherichia coli  RY13 and  E. coli  K12 DH5α) and probiotic, Gram-positive bacteria ( Lactobacillus rhamnosus  GG and  Bifidobacterium bifidum ) on ZFP secretion in an  in vitro  model. Additionally, utilizing samples from human clinical trials, we correlated circulating levels of ZFPs to the gut bacteria and determined the presence of ZFPs in various human tissues. Unexpectedly, we found that the ZFPs quantified by the widely used IDK® Zonulin ELISA kits are specifically triggered by the exposure to live  Lactobacillus rhamnosus  GG in HT-29 cells, associated with absolute abundances of intestinal  Lactobacillus  and  Bifidobacterium  in adults, and are copious in the small intestine but undetectable in the liver or adipose tissue. These characteristics appear to be different from zonulin and highlight the need for further characterization of ZFPs recognized by commercially available and widely used “zonulin” ELISAs.

In vitro Effects of Bacterial Exposure on Secretion of Zonulin Family Peptides and Their Detection in Human Tissue Samples