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Fusarium  wilt (FW) is a primary replant disease that affects  Pseudostellaria heterophylla  (Taizishen) and is caused by  Fusarium oxysporum , which occurs widely in China under the continuous monocropping regime. However, the ternary interactions among the soil microbiota,  P. heterophylla , and  F. oxysporum  remain unknown. We investigated the potential interaction relationship by which the pathogen-mediated  P. heterophylla  regulates the soil and the tuberous root microbiota  via  high-throughput sequencing. Plant–pathogen interaction assays were conducted to measure the arrival of  F. oxysporum  and  Pseudomonas poae  at the tuberous root  via  qPCR and subsequent seedling disease incidence. A growth assay was used to determine the effect of the tuberous root crude exudate inoculated with the pathogen on  P. poae . We observed that pathogen-mediated  P. heterophylla  altered the diversity and the composition of the microbial communities in its rhizosphere soil and tuberous root. Beneficial microbe  P. poae  and pathogen  F. oxysporum  were significantly enriched in rhizosphere soil and within the tuberous root in the FW group with high severity. Correlation analysis showed that, accompanied with FW incidence,  P. poae  co-occurred with  F. oxysporum . The aqueous extract of  P. heterophylla  tuberous root infected by  F. oxysporum  substantially promoted the growth of  P. poae  isolates (H1-3-A7, H2-3-B7, H4-3-C1, and N3-3-C4). These results indicated that the extracts from the tuberous root of  P. heterophylla  inoculated with  F. oxysporum  might attract  P. poae  and promote its growth. Furthermore, the colonization assay found that the gene copies of  sucD  in the  P. poae  and  F. oxysporum  treatment (up to 6.57 × 10 10 ) group was significantly higher than those in the  P. poae  treatment group (3.29 × 10 10 ), and a pathogen-induced attraction assay found that the relative copies of  sucD  of  P. poae  in the  F. oxysporum  treatment were significantly higher than in the H 2 O treatment. These results showed that  F. oxysporum  promoted the colonization of  P. poae  on the tuberous root  via F. oxysporum  mediation. In addition, the colonization assay found that the disease severity index in the  P. poae  and  F. oxysporum  treatment group was significantly lower than that in the  F. oxysporum  treatment group, and a pathogen-induced attraction assay found that the disease severity index in the  F. oxysporum  treatment group was significantly higher than that in the H 2 O treatment group. Together, these results suggest that pathogen-mediated  P. heterophylla  promoted and assembled plant-beneficial microbes against plant disease. Therefore, deciphering the beneficial associations between pathogen-mediated  P. heterophylla  and microbes can provide novel insights into the implementation and design of disease management strategies.

Pathogen-Mediated Assembly of Plant-Beneficial Bacteria to Alleviate Fusarium Wilt in Pseudostellaria heterophylla