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Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) has emerged as a powerful microorganism identification tool. Research on MALDI-TOF MS identification of rare filamentous fungi is still lacking. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of MALDI-TOF MS in the identification of  Scedosporium ,  Acremonium -like,  Scopulariopsis , and  Microascus  species. Sabouraud broth cultivation and formic acid/acetonitrile protein extraction were used for MALDI-TOF MS identification by a Bruker Biotyper system. An in-house database containing 29 isolates of  Scedosporium ,  Acremonium -like,  Scopulariopsis , and  Microascus  spp. was constructed. A total of 52 clinical isolates were identified using the Bruker Filamentous Fungi Library v1.0 (FFL v1.0) alone, and Filamentous Fungi Library v1.0 plus the in-house library, respectively. The mass spectrum profile (MSP) dendrograms of the 28  Scedosporium  isolates, 26  Acremonium -like isolates, and 27  Scopulariopsis  and  Microascus  isolates were constructed by MALDI Biotyper OC 4.0 software, respectively. The correct species identification rate significantly improved when using the combined databases compared with that when using FFL v1.0 alone ( Scedosporium  spp., 75% versus 0%;  Acremonium -like spp., 100% versus 0%;  Scopulariopsis  and  Microascus  spp., 100% versus 62.5%). The MSP dendrograms differentiated  Acremonium -like species,  Scopulariopsis  and  Microascus  species clearly, but cannot distinguish species in the  Scedosporium apiospermum  complex. In conclusion, with an expanded database, MALDI-TOF MS is an effective tool for the identification of  Scedosporium ,  Acremonium -like,  Scopulariopsis , and  Microascus  species.

frontiers in microbiology

Performance of Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry for Identification of Scedosporium, Acremonium-Like, Scopulariopsis, and Microascus Species