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Two distinct emaraviruses,  Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-I  ( PPSMV-I ) and  Pigeonpea sterility mosaic virus-II  ( PPSMV-II ) were found to be associated with sterility mosaic disease (SMD) of pigeonpea [ Cajanus cajan  (L.) Millsp.]. The host range of both these viruses and their vector are narrow, confined to  Nicotiana benthamiana  identified through mechanical transmission, and to  Phaseolus vulgaris  cvs. Top Crop, Kintoki, and Bountiful (F: Fabaceae) through mite transmission. A weed host  Chrozophora rottleri  (F: Euphorbiaceae) was also infected and tested positive for both the viruses in RT-PCR. Among the wild  Cajanus  species tested,  Cajanus platycarpus  accessions  15661 ,  15668 , and  15671 , and  Cajanus scarabaeoides  accessions  15683 ,  15686 , and  15922  were infected by both the viruses and mite vector suggesting possible sources of SMD inoculum. Though accession  15666  of  C. platycarpus , 15696 of  C. scarabaeoides , and 15639 of  Cajanus lanceolatus  were infected by both the viruses, no mite infestation was observed on them. Phylogenetic analysis of nucleotide sequences of RNA-1 and RNA-2 of  PPSMV-I  and  PPSMV-II  isolates in southern India revealed significant divergence especially  PPSMV-II , which is closely related to the  Fig mosaic virus  ( FMV ) than  PPSMV-I . In multilocation testing of pigeonpea genotypes for their broad-based resistance to SMD for two consecutive years, genotypes ICPL-16086 and ICPL-16087 showed resistance reaction (&amp;lt;10% incidence) in all three locations studied. Overall, the present study gives a clear idea about the host range of  PPSMV-I  and  PPSMV-II , their molecular relationship, and sources of resistance. This information is critical for the development of reliable diagnostic tools and improved disease management strategies.

frontiers in microbiology

Salient Findings on Host Range, Resistance Screening, and Molecular Studies on Sterility Mosaic Disease of Pigeonpea Induced by Pigeonpea sterility mosaic viruses (PPSMV-I and PPSMV-II)