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Microbial communities constitute a diverse genetic resource pool in the soil and are key indicators of soil health and quality. How re-vegetation affects soil microbial diversity and community composition at the dump of an opencast coal mine is largely unknown. Using high-throughput sequencing, we performed a comparative study of the bacterial and fungal communities from non-vegetated (bare land) soil and from areas re-vegetated by  Astragalus laxmannii ,  Halogeton arachnoideus , and  Artemisia desertorum  at an opencast coal mine in the Helan Mountains in western China. These results indicated that re-vegetation significantly reduced soil conductivity. The soils re-vegetated by all three plant species showed greater richness of bacterial species than the bare land, and soils re-vegetated with  A. desertorum  and  A. laxmannii  showed significantly greater richness of fungal species than bare land. The bacterial and fungal β-diversity values differed significantly between vegetated and non-vegetated soil, and these differences were more pronounced for bacterial communities than for fungal communities. Re-vegetation significantly increased the relative abundances of  Proteobacteria  and  Bacteroidota  and decreased the relative abundance of  Chloroflexi . The decreasing soil conductivity that occurred with re-vegetation was found to be an important environmental determinant of the soil microbial community. This study provides evidence that re-vegetation may enhance soil quality via decreasing soil conductivity and altering the soil microbial community, and  A. laxmannii  was found to be a more effective species than  H. arachnoideus  or  A. desertorum  with respect to decreasing soil conductivity and altering the soil microbial communities in the Opencast Coal Mine arid region. This work may provide a helpful guideline for selection of plant species for re-vegetation projects.

frontiers in microbiology

Re-vegetation Improves Soil Quality by Decreasing Soil Conductivity and Altering Soil Microbial Communities: A Case Study of an Opencast Coal Mine in the Helan Mountains