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Heap bioleaching, the solubilization of metal ions from metal sulfides by microbial oxidation, is often combined with solvent extraction (SX) and electrowinning to recover, e.g., copper from low-grade ores. After extraction, the leaching solution is recycled, but the entrained organic solvents may be toxic to the microorganisms. Here  Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ,  Leptospirillum ferrooxidans , and  Sulfobacillus thermosulfidooxidans  were selected to perform bioleaching of chalcopyrite waste rock in the presence of the SX reagent (2.5% v/v LIX984N in kerosene). Possibly inhibitory effects have been evaluated by copper extraction, bacterial activity, number of actively Fe(II)-oxidizing cells, and biofilm formation. Microcalorimetry, most probable number determination, and atomic force microscopy combined with epifluorescence microscopy were applied. The results show that 100 and 300 mg/L SX reagent could hardly inhibit  At. ferrooxidans  from oxidizing Fe 2+ , but they seriously interfered with the biofilm formation and the oxidization of sulfur, thereby hindering bioleaching.  L. ferrooxidans  was sensitive to 50 mg/L SX reagent, which inhibited its bioleaching completely.  Sb. thermosulfidooxidans  showed different metabolic preferences, if the concentration of the SX reagent differed. With 10 mg/L LIX984N  Sb. thermosulfidooxidans  preferred to oxidize Fe 2+  and extracted the same amount of copper as the assay without LIX984N. With 50 mg/L extractant the bioleaching stopped, since  Sb. thermosulfidooxidans  preferred to oxidize reduced inorganic sulfur compounds.

Bioleaching of Chalcopyrite Waste Rock in the Presence of the Copper Solvent Extractant LIX984N