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There are complex interactions between mycorrhizal helper bacteria (MHBs) and ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi, with MHBs promoting mycorrhizal synthesis and ECM fungi regulating plant rhizobacterial colonization, diversity, and function. In this study, to investigate whether the ECM fungus  Hymenochaete  sp. Rl affects the survival and colonization of the MHB strain  Bacillus pumilus  HR10 in the rhizosphere, the biomass of  B. pumilus  HR10 was measured in the rhizosphere and mycorrhizosphere. In addition, extracts of  Hymenochaete  sp. Rl and  Pinus thunbergii  were evaluated for their effect on  B. pumilus  HR10 colonization (growth, sporulation, biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular protein contents, flagellar motility, and expression of colonization-related genes). The results showed that inoculation of  Hymenochaete  sp. Rl significantly increased the biomass of  B. pumilus  HR10 in the rhizosphere; however, while extracts of  Hymenochaete  sp. Rl and  P. thunbergii  did not affect the biomass or spore formation of HR10, they did affect its biofilm formation, extracellular polysaccharide and extracellular protein production, and flagellar motility. Furthermore, the addition of symbiont extracts affected the expression of chemotaxis-related genes in HR10. When the extracts were added separately, the expression of  srf  genes in HR10 increased; when the extracts were added simultaneously, the expression of the flagellin gene  fliG  in HR10 increased, but there was no significant effect on the expression of srf genes, consistent with the results on biofilm production. Thus,  Hymenochaete  sp. Rl and  P. thunbergii  roots had a positive effect on colonization by  B. pumilus  HR10 at the rhizosphere level through their secretions.

frontiers in microbiology

Colonization by the Mycorrhizal Helper Bacillus pumilus HR10 Is Enhanced During the Establishment of Ectomycorrhizal Symbiosis Between Hymenochaete sp. Rl and Pinus thunbergii