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Biofilm on the skin surface of chronic wounds is an important factor in the pathology, inhibiting wound healing. The polymicrobial nature of these infected wounds and bacterial interactions inside this pathogenic biofilm are the keys for understanding chronic infection. The aim of our work was to develop an innovative  in vitro  medium that closely mimics the chronic wound emphasizing the microbiological, cellular, and inflammatory environment of chronic wounds but also focusing on the pH found at the wound level. This new medium, called chronic wound medium (CWM), will thus facilitate the study of pathogenic biofilm organization. Clinical  Staphylococcus aureus  and  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  strains coisolated from diabetic foot infection were collected and cultivated in this new medium for 24 h in monoculture and coculture. Bacterial growth (growth curves), presence of small colony variant (SCV), biofilm formation (BioFilm Ring Test ®  assay, biofilm biomass quantification), and virulence (survival curve in a  Caenorhabditis elegans  model) were evaluated. After 24 h in the  in vitro  conditions, we observed that  P. aeruginosa  growth was not affected, compared with a control bacterial medium, whereas for  S. aureus , the stationary phase was reduced by two logs. Interestingly,  S. aureus  growth increased when cocultured with  P. aeruginosa  in CWM. In coculture with  P. aeruginosa , SCV forms of  S. aureus  were detected. Biofilm studies showed that bacteria, alone and in combination, formed biofilm faster (as soon as 3 h) than the bacteria exposed in a control medium (as soon as 5 h). The virulence of all strains decreased in the nematode model when cultivated in our new  in vitro  medium. Taken together, our data confirmed the impact of the chronic wound environment on biofilm formation and bacteria virulence. They indicated that  P. aeruginosa  and  S. aureus  cooperated in coinfected wounds. Therefore, this  in vitro  model provides a new tool for bacterial cooperation investigation and polymicrobial biofilm formation.

A Relevant Wound-Like in vitro Media to Study Bacterial Cooperation and Biofilm in Chronic Wounds