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Our previous study identified a new β-galactosidase in  Erwinia  sp. E602. To further understand the lactose metabolism in this strain,  de novo  genome assembly was conducted by using a strategy combining Illumina and PacBio sequencing technology. The whole genome of  Erwinia  sp. E602 includes a 4.8 Mb chromosome and a 326 kb large plasmid. A total of 4,739 genes, including 4,543 protein-coding genes, 25 rRNAs, 82 tRNAs and 7 other ncRNAs genes were annotated. The plasmid was the largest one characterized in genus  Erwinia  by far, and it contained a number of genes and pathways responsible for lactose metabolism and regulation. Moreover, a new plasmid-borne  lac  operon that lacked a typical β-galactoside transacetylase ( lacA ) gene was identified in the strain. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genes  lacY  and  lacZ  in the operon were under positive selection, indicating the adaptation of lactose metabolism to the environment in  Erwinia  sp. E602. Our current study demonstrated that the hybrid  de novo  genome assembly using Illumina and PacBio sequencing technologies, as well as the metabolic pathway analysis, provided a useful strategy for better understanding of the evolution of undiscovered microbial species or strains.

Hybrid de novo Genome Assembly of Erwinia sp. E602 and Bioinformatic Analysis Characterized a New Plasmid-Borne lac Operon Under Positive Selection