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The bacterial communities of the root-zone soil are capable of regulating vital biogeochemical cycles and the succession of plant growth.  Stipa  as grassland constructive species is restricted by the difference features of east–west humidity and north–south heat, which shows the population substituting distribution. The distribution, turnover, and potential driving factors and ecological significance of the root-zone bacterial community along broad spatial gradients of  Stipa  taxa transition remain unclear. This paper investigated seven  Stipa  species root-zone soils based on high-throughput sequencing combined with the measurements of multiple environmental parameters in arid and semi-arid steppe. The communities of soil bacteria in root zone had considerable turnover, and some regular variations in structure along the  Stipa  taxa transition are largely determined by climatic factors, vegetation coverage, and pH at a regional scale. Bacterial communities had a clear  Stipa  population specificity, but they were more strongly affected by the main annual precipitation, which resulted in a biogeographical distribution pattern along precipitation gradient, among which  Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Proteobacteria , and  Chloroflexi  were the phyla that were most abundant. During the transformation of  Stipa  taxa from east to west, the trend of diversity shown by bacterial community in the root zone decreased first, and then increased sharply at  S. breviflora , which was followed by continuous decreasing toward northwest afterwards. However, the richness and evenness showed an opposite trend, and α diversity had close association with altitude and pH. There would be specific and different bacterial taxa interactions in different  Stipa  species, in which  S. krylovii  had the simplest and most stable interaction network with the strongest resistance to the environment and  S. breviflora  had most complex and erratic. Moreover, the bacterial community was mainly affected by dispersal limitation at a certain period. These results are conducive to the prediction of sustainable ecosystem services and protection of microbial resources in a semi-arid grassland ecosystem.

The Distribution and Turnover of Bacterial Communities in the Root Zone of Seven Stipa Species Across an Arid and Semi-arid Steppe