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Anaerobic digestion is used to treat diverse waste classes, and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of refractory compounds that common in wastes treated using anaerobic digestion. In this study, a microbial consortium with the ability to degrade phenanthrene under methanogenesis was enriched from paddy soil to investigate the cometabolic effect of glucose on methane (CH 4 ) production and phenanthrene (a representative PAH) degradation under methanogenic conditions. The addition of glucose enhanced the CH 4  production rate (from 0.37 to 2.25mg⋅L −1 ⋅d −1 ) but had no influence on the degradation rate of phenanthrene. Moreover, glucose addition significantly decreased the microbial α-diversity (from 2.59 to 1.30) of the enriched consortium but showed no significant effect on the microbial community ( R  2 =0.39,  p =0.10), archaeal community ( R  2 =0.48,  p =0.10), or functional profile ( R  2 =0.48,  p =0.10). The relative abundance of genes involved in the degradation of aromatic compounds showed a decreasing tendency with the addition of glucose, whereas that of genes related to CH 4  synthesis was not affected. Additionally, the abundance of genes related to the acetate pathway was the highest among the four types of CH 4  synthesis pathways detected in the enriched consortium, which averagely accounted for 48.24% of the total CH 4  synthesis pathway, indicating that the acetate pathway is dominant in this phenanthrene-degrading system during methanogenesis. Our results reveal that achieving an ideal effect is diffcult  via  co-metabolism in a single-stage digestion system of PAH under methanogenesis; thus, other anaerobic systems with higher PAH removal efficiency should be combined with methanogenic digestion, assembling a multistage pattern to enhance the PAH removal rate and CH 4  production in anaerobic digestion.

Co-metabolic Effect of Glucose on Methane Production and Phenanthrene Removal in an Enriched Phenanthrene-Degrading Consortium Under Methanogenesis