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Palygorskite (Pal), a clay nanoparticle, has been demonstrated to be a vehicle for drug delivery. Copper has antibacterial properties, and zinc is an essential micronutrient for intestinal health in animals and humans. However, whether copper/zinc-modified Pal (Cu/Zn-Pal) can protect chickens from  Salmonella enterica  subsp.  enterica  serovar Typhimurium ( S.  Typhimurium) infection remains unclear. In this study, three complexes (Cu/Zn-Pal-1, Cu/Zn-Pal-2, and Cu/Zn-Pal-3) were prepared, and Cu/Zn-Pal-1 was shown to be the most effective at inhibiting the growth of  S.  Typhimurium  in vitro , whereas natural Pal alone had no inhibitory effect.  In vivo , Cu/Zn-Pal-1 reduced  S.  Typhimurium colonization in the intestine of infected chickens and relieved  S.  Typhimurium-induced organ and intestinal mucosal barrier damage. Moreover, this reduction in  Salmonella  load attenuated intestinal inflammation and the oxidative stress response in challenged chickens. Additionally, Cu/Zn-Pal-1 modulated the intestinal microbiota in infected chickens, which was characterized by the reduced abundance of Firmicutes and the increased abundance of Proteobacteria and Bacteroidetes. Our results indicated that the Cu/Zn-Pal-1 complex may be an effective feed supplement for reducing  S.  Typhimurium colonization of the gut.

Copper/Zinc-Modified Palygorskite Protects Against Salmonella Typhimurium Infection and Modulates the Intestinal Microbiota in Chickens