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L-2-halocid dehalogenases (L-2-HADs) have been mainly characterized from terrestrial polluted environments. By contrast, knowledge is still scarce about their role in detoxification of predominant halocarbons in marine environments. Here, phylogenetic analyses showed a wide diversity of homologous L-2-HADs, especially among those belonging to marine bacteria. Previously characterized terrestrial L-2-HADs were part of a monophyletic group (named group A) including proteins of terrestrial and marine origin. Another branch (named group B) contained mostly marine L-2-HADs, with two distinct clades of  Bacteroidetes  homologs, closely linked to  Proteobacteria  ones. This study further focused on the characterization of the only L-2-HAD from the flavobacterium  Zobellia galactanivorans  Dsij T  (ZgHAD), belonging to one of these Group B clades. The recombinant ZgHAD was shown to dehalogenate bromo- and iodoacetic acids, and gene knockout in  Z. galactanivorans  revealed a direct role of ZgHAD in tolerance against both haloacetic acids. Analyses of metagenomic and metatranscriptomic datasets confirmed that L-2-HADs from group A were well-represented in terrestrial and marine bacteria, whereas ZgHAD homologs (group B L-2-HADs) were mainly present in marine bacteria, and particularly in host-associated species. Our results suggest that ZgHAD homologs could be key enzymes for marine  Bacteroidetes , by conferring selective advantage for the recycling of toxic halogen compounds produced in particular marine habitats, and especially during interactions with macroalgae.

frontiers in microbiology

Functional Characterization of a L-2-Haloacid Dehalogenase From Zobellia galactanivorans DsijT Suggests a Role in Haloacetic Acid Catabolism and a Wide Distribution in Marine Environments