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Blastocystis  is the most frequently isolated protozoan from human stool. Its role in human health is still debated, and a high prevalence was reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects, suggesting a potential link with microbiota. In the present study, we aimed to investigate prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota in both IBS-C (constipated) and healthy individuals. We recruited 35 IBS-C patients and 23 healthy subjects, from which 12 and 11 carried  Blastocystis , respectively. We performed 16S and 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing on feces. Whereas we did not observe differences between infected and non-infected controls, several phyla were significantly modified in IBS-C patients according to the presence of  Blastocystis .  Tenericutes  phylum and  Ruminococcaceae  family were especially increased in  Blastocystis  carriers. Furthermore, colonization with  Blastocystis  was associated with discrete changes in the microbial eukaryome, particularly among the  Fungi  taxa. Depending on the group of patients considered, the mycobiota changes do not go in the same direction and seem more deleterious in the IBS-C group. These results encourage further  in vivo  and  in vitro  investigations concerning the role of  Blastocystis  in the gut environment.

Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Fecal Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Individuals Colonized With Blastocystis