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Bacterial two-component regulatory systems control the expression of sets of genes to coordinate physiological functions in response to environmental cues. Here, we report a genetically linked but functionally unpaired two-component system (TCS) comprising the sensor kinase GluS (BGLU_1G13350) and the response regulator GluR (BGLU_1G13360), which is critical for cell division in the rice pathogen  Burkholderia glumae  BGR1. The  gluR  null mutant, unlike the  gluS  mutant, formed filamentous cells in Lysogeny Broth medium and was sensitive to exposure to 42°C. Expression of genes responsible for cell division and cell-wall ( dcw ) biosynthesis in the  gluR  mutant was elevated at transcription levels compared with the wild type. GluR-His bound to the putative promoter regions of  ftsA  and  ftsZ  is involved in septum formation, indicating that repression of genes in the  dcw  cluster by GluR is critical for cell division in  B. glumae . The  gluR  mutant did not form filamentous cells in M9 minimal medium, whereas exogenous addition of glutamine or glutamate to the medium induced filamentous cell formation. These results indicate that glutamine and glutamate influence GluR-mediated cell division in  B. glumae , suggesting that GluR controls cell division of  B. glumae  in a nutrition-dependent manner. These findings provide insight into how the recognition of external signals by TCS affects the sophisticated molecular mechanisms involved in controlling bacterial cell division.

frontiers in microbiology

Identification of a Genetically Linked but Functionally Independent Two-Component System Important for Cell Division of the Rice Pathogen Burkholderia glumae