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Aerobactin is a citrate-hydroxamate siderophore that is critical for the virulence of pathogenic enteric bacteria. However, although the aerobactin-producing  iucABCD - iutA  operon is distributed widely in the genomes of  Yersinia  species, none of the pathogenic  Yersinia  spp. was found to produce aerobactin. Here, we showed that the  iucABCD - iutA  operon in the food-borne enteric pathogen  Yersinia pseudotuberculosis  YPIII is a functional siderophore system involved in iron acquisition. The expression of the operon was found to be directly repressed by the ferric uptake regulator (Fur) in an iron concentration-dependent manner. In addition, we demonstrated that the aerobactin-mediated iron acquisition contributes to bacterial growth under iron-limited conditions. Moreover, we provided evidence that aerobactin plays important roles in biofilm formation, resistance to oxidative stress, ROS removal, and virulence of  Y. pseudotuberculosis . Overall, our study not only uncovered a novel strategy of iron acquisition in  Y. pseudotuberculosis  but also highlighted the importance of aerobactin in the pathogenesis of  Y. pseudotuberculosis .

Aerobactin-Mediated Iron Acquisition Enhances Biofilm Formation, Oxidative Stress Resistance, and Virulence of Yersinia pseudotuberculosis