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Antimicrobial-resistant (AMR) commensal  Escherichia coli  is a major reservoir that disseminates antimicrobial resistance to humans through the consumption of contaminated foods, such as retail poultry products. This study aimed to control AMR  E. coli  on retail chicken using a broad host range phage cocktail. Five phages (JEP1, 4, 6, 7, and 8) were isolated and used to construct a phage cocktail after testing infectivity on 67 AMR  E. coli  strains isolated from retail chicken. Transmission electron microscopic analysis revealed that the five phages belong to the  Myoviridae  family. The phage genomes had various sizes ranging from 39 to 170 kb and did not possess any genes associated with antimicrobial resistance and virulence. Interestingly, each phage exhibited different levels of infection against AMR  E. coli  strains depending on the bacterial phylogenetic group. A phage cocktail consisting of the five phages was able to infect AMR  E. coli  in various phylogenetic groups and inhibited 91.0% (61/67) of AMR  E. coli  strains used in this study. Furthermore, the phage cocktail was effective in inhibiting  E. coli  on chicken at refrigeration temperatures. The treatment of artificially contaminated raw chicken skin with the phage cocktail rapidly reduced the viable counts of AMR  E. coli  by approximately 3 log units within 3 h, and the reduction was maintained throughout the experiment without developing resistance to phage infection. These results suggest that phages can be used as a biocontrol agent to inhibit AMR commensal  E. coli  on raw chicken.

Inhibition of Antimicrobial-Resistant Escherichia coli Using a Broad Host Range Phage Cocktail Targeting Various Bacterial Phylogenetic Groups