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The endophytic mutualism of plants with microorganisms often leads to several benefits to its host including plant health and survival under extreme environments.  Arnebia euchroma  is an endangered medicinal plant that grows naturally in extreme cold and arid environments in the Himalayas. The present study was conducted to decipher the cultivable endophytic diversity associated with the leaf and root tissues of  A. euchroma . A total of 60 bacteria and 33 fungi including nine yeasts were isolated and characterized at the molecular level. Among these, Proteobacteria was the most abundant bacterial phylum with the abundance of Gammaproteobacteria (76.67%) and genus  Pseudomonas . Ascomycota was the most abundant phylum (72.73%) dominated by class Eurotiales (42.42%) and genus  Penicillium  among isolated fungal endophytes. Leaf tissues showed a higher richness (S  chao   1 ) of both bacterial and fungal communities as compared to root tissues. The abilities of endophytes to display plant growth promotion (PGP) through phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) solubilization and production of ACC deaminase (ACCD), indole acetic acid (IAA), and siderophores were also investigated under  in vitro  conditions. Of all the endophytes, 21.51% produced ACCD, 89.25% solubilized P, 43.01% solubilized K, 68.82% produced IAA, and 76.34% produced siderophores. Six bacteria and one fungal endophyte displayed all the five PGP traits. The study demonstrated that  A. euchroma  is a promising source of beneficial endophytes with multiple growth-promoting traits. These endophytes can be used for improving stress tolerance in plants under nutrient-deficient and cold/arid conditions.

Arnebia euchroma, a Plant Species of Cold Desert in the Himalayas, Harbors Beneficial Cultivable Endophytes in Roots and Leaves