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Members of the  Wolbachia  genus manipulate insect–host reproduction and are the most abundant bacterial endosymbionts of insects. The tea Geometrid moth  Ectropis grisescens  (Warren) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) is the most devastating insect pest of tea plants [ Camellia sinensis  (L.) O. Kuntze] in China. However, limited data on the diversity, typing, or phenotypes of  Wolbachia  in  E. grisescens  are available. Here, we used a culture-independent method to compare the gut bacteria of  E. grisescens  and other tea Geometridae moths. The results showed that the composition of core gut bacteria in larvae of the three Geometridae moth species was similar, except for the presence of  Wolbachia . Moreover,  Wolbachia  was also present in adult female  E. grisescens  samples. A  Wolbachia  strain was isolated from  E. grisescens  and designated as  w Gri. Comparative analyses showed that this strain shared multilocus sequence types and  Wolbachia  surface protein hypervariable region profiles with cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI)-inducing strains in supergroup B; however, the  w Gri-associated phenotypes were undetermined. A reciprocal cross analysis showed that  Wolbachia -uninfected females mated with infected males resulted in 100% embryo mortality (0% eggs hatched per female). Eggs produced by mating between uninfected males and infected females hatched normally. These findings indicated that  w Gri induces strong unidirectional CI in  E. grisescens . Additionally, compared with uninfected females,  Wolbachia -infected females produced approximately 30–40% more eggs. Together, these results show that this  Wolbachia  strain induces reproductive CI in  E. grisescens  and enhances the fecundity of its female host. We also demonstrated that  w Gri potential influences reproductive communication between  E. grisescens  and  Ectropis obliqua  through CI.

Wolbachia Strain wGri From the Tea Geometrid Moth Ectropis grisescens Contributes to Its Host’s Fecundity