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The transfer of the intestinal microbiota from adult to juvenile animals reduces  Salmonella  prevalence and abundance. The mechanism behind this exclusion is unknown, however, certain member species may exclude or promote pathogen colonization and  Salmonella  abundance in chickens correlates with intestinal community composition. In this study, newly hatched chicks were colonized with  Salmonella  Typhimurium and 16S rRNA libraries were generated from the cecal bacterial community at 21, 28, 35, and 42 days of age.  Salmonella  was quantified by real-time PCR. Operational taxonomic units (OTUs) were assigned, and taxonomic assignments were made, using the Ribosomal Database Project. Bacterial diversity was inversely proportional to the  Salmonella  abundance in the chicken cecum ( p  < 0.01). In addition, cecal communities with no detectable  Salmonella  (exclusive community) displayed an increase in the abundance of OTUs related to specific clostridial families ( Ruminococcaceae ,  Eubacteriaceae , and  Oscillospiraceae ), genera ( Faecalibacterium  and  Turicibacter ) and member species ( Ethanoligenens harbinense ,  Oscillibacter ruminantium , and  Faecalibacterium prausnitzii ). For cecal communities with high  Salmonella  abundance (permissive community), there was a positive correlation with the presence of unclassified  Lachnospiraceae , clostridial genera  Blautia  and clostridial species  Roseburia hominis ,  Eubacterium biforme , and  Robinsoniella peoriensis . These findings strongly support the link between the intestinal bacterial species diversity and the presence of specific member species with  Salmonella  abundance in the chicken ceca. Exclusive bacterial species could prove effective as direct-fed microbials for reducing  Salmonella  in poultry while permissive species could be used to predict which birds will be super-shedders.

Strength Lies in Diversity: How Community Diversity Limits Salmonella Abundance in the Chicken Intestine