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Lactiplantibacillus plantarum  are probiotic bacteria, maintaining the integrity of the gastrointestinal epithelial barrier, and preventing the infection of pathogenic bacteria. Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) are often involved in the probiotic property of  L. plantarum . Here, we identified a new EPS-synthetic gene cluster,  cpsWc , carrying 13 genes, laid on a large plasmid in a well-characterized probiotic  L. plantarum  strain LTC-113. The  cpsWc  gene cluster was horizontally acquired from  Weissella cibaria , enhancing the biofilm formation ability of the host strain and its tolerance to harsh environmental stresses, including heat, acid, and bile. Transfer of  cpsWc  also conferred the probiotic properties to other  L. plantarum  strains. Moreover,  cpsWc  strengthened the adhesion of LTC-113 to intestinal epithelial cells. Both the  cpsWc -carrying LTC-113 and its EPSs  per se  effectively attenuated the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory effect of intestinal epithelial cells, and inhibited the adhesion of pathogenic bacteria, such as  S. typhimurium  and  E. coli  by exclusion and competition. The newly identified  cpsWc  gene cluster emphasized the contribution of mobile EPS-synthetic element on the probiotic activity of  L. plantarum , and shed a light on the engineering of probiotic bacteria.

Horizontally Acquired Polysaccharide-Synthetic Gene Cluster From Weissella cibaria Boosts the Probiotic Property of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum