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Prostomatean ciliates play important roles in the flow of material and energy in aquatic microbial food webs, and thus have attracted wide attention for over a century. Their taxonomy and systematics are, however, still poorly understood because of their relatively few taxonomically informative morphological characters. In this study, two new prostomateans,  Lagynus binucleatus  sp. n. and  Foissnerophrys alveolata  gen. n., sp. n., collected from a freshwater pool and the intertidal zone of a sandy beach, respectively, in Qingdao, China, are investigated using living observation, protargol staining, and SSU rRNA gene sequencing methods. The genus  Lagynus  is redefined, and the new species  L. binucleatus  sp. n. is established based on significant morphological differences with similar forms. Furthermore, a new genus,  Foissnerophrys  gen. n., is established based on a combination of morphological and molecular data with  F. alveaolata  sp. n. the type species by monotypy. The identities of intracellular prokaryotes of these two new species are discussed based on fluorescence  in situ  hybridization (FISH) data and newly obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences.

Taxonomy and Molecular Phylogeny of Two New Species of Prostomatean Ciliates With Establishment of Foissnerophrys gen. n. (Alveolata, Ciliophora)