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Tobacco leaf mildew caused by  Rhizopus oryzae  ( Mucorales, Zygomycota ) is an important and devastating post-harvest disease during flue-cured tobacco period, and also is known to cause diseases of fruits and vegetables. In this study, assessment of several candidate biological control agents were first tested  in vitro  to determine their antifungal activities and potential strains were further applied to tobacco leaves to prevent pathogen colonization during the tobacco-curing process.  In vitro  screening of 36 bacteria and the isolates of one fungus were performed for their antifungal activities against  R. oryzae  using dual culture method. Potential five isolates viz.  Bacillus amyloliquefaciens  B9601-Y2 (Y2),  B. amyloliquefaciens  YN201728 (YN28),  Pseudomonas  sp. (Pb), and  B. amyloliquefaciens  YN201732 (YN32) and  T. harzianum  B (Th-B) from total screened isolates have shown remarkable results for controlling the mycelial growth of  R. oryzae . Finally, out of these five isolates,  B. amyloliquefaciens  B9601-Y2 potentially reduced the mycelial growth of fungal pathogen with great inhibitory effect. In order to get a better understanding of the biocontrol effect of B9601-Y2 in a flue-curing barn, various suspension density tests with two application methods involving spraying and soaking were examined. Two application methods of  B. amyloliquefaciens  B9601-Y2 had 98.60 and 98.15% control effects, respectively. In curing barn, the incidence in the treatment group was significantly reduced and tobacco leaves did not get mildew. Altogether, the study demonstrated that candidate bacterial strain  B. amyloliquefaciens  B9601-Y2 is a potential antagonist for the management of tobacco leaf mildew during flue-curing.

Deciphering the Bacillus amyloliquefaciens B9601-Y2 as a Potential Antagonist of Tobacco Leaf Mildew Pathogen During Flue-Curing