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Halophytic endophytes potentially contribute to the host’s adaptation to adverse environments, improving its tolerance against various biotic and abiotic stresses. Here, we identified the culturable endophytic bacteria of three crop wild relative (CWR) halophytes:  Cakile maritima ,  Matthiola tricuspidata , and  Crithmum maritimum . In the present study, the potential of these isolates to improve crop adaptations to various stresses was investigated, using both  in vitro  and  in-planta  approaches. Endophytic isolates were identified by their 16S rRNA gene sequence and evaluated for their ability to: grow  in vitro  in high levels of NaCl; inhibit the growth of the economically important phytopathogens  Verticillium dahliae ,  Ralstonia solanacearum , and  Clavibacter michiganensis  and the human pathogen  Aspergillus fumigatus;  provide salt tolerance  in-planta ; and provide growth promoting effect  in-planta . Genomes of selected isolates were sequenced. In total, 115 endophytic isolates were identified. At least 16 isolates demonstrated growth under increased salinity, plant growth promotion and phytopathogen antagonistic activity. Three showed  in-planta  suppression of  Verticillium  growth. Furthermore, representatives of three novel species were identified: two  Pseudomonas  species and one  Arthrobacter . This study provides proof-of-concept that the endophytes from CWR halophytes can be used as “bio-inoculants,” for the enhancement of growth and stress tolerance in crops, including the high-salinity stress.

Endophytic Bacterial Isolates From Halophytes Demonstrate Phytopathogen Biocontrol and Plant Growth Promotion Under High Salinity