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The Gram-negative bacterium  Xanthomonas translucens  infects a wide range of gramineous plants with a notable impact on small grain cereals. However, genomics-informed intra-species population structure and virulence repertories of the pathogen have rarely been investigated. In this study, the complete genome sequences of seven  X. translucens  strains representing an entire set of genetic diversity of two pathovars  X. translucens  pv.  undulosa  and  X. translucens  pv.  translucens  is provided and compared with those of seven publicly available complete genomes of the pathogen. Organization of the 25 type III secretion system genes in all the 14  X. translucens  strains was exactly the same, while TAL effector genes localized singly or in clusters across four loci in  X. translucens  pv.  translucens  and five to six loci in  X. translucens  pv.  undulosa . Beside two previously unreported endogenous plasmids in  X. translucens  pv.  undulosa , and variations in repeat variable diresidue (RVD) of the 14 strains,  tal1a  of  X. translucens  pv.  translucens  strain XtKm8 encode the new RVDs HE and YI which have not previously been reported in xanthomonads. Further, a number of truncated  tal  genes were predicted among the 14 genomes lacking conserved  Bam HI site at N-terminus and  Sph I site at C-terminus. Our data have doubled the number of complete genomes of  X. translucens  clarifying the population structure and genomics of the pathogen to pave the way in the small grain cereals industry for disease resistance breeding in the 21st century’s agriculture.

frontiers in microbiology

Genomics-Enabled Novel Insight Into the Pathovar-Specific Population Structure of the Bacterial Leaf Streak Pathogen Xanthomonas translucens in Small Grain Cereals