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Salmonella  is a major foodborne pathogen that causes foodborne disease in humans through consumption of contaminated foods, especially those of animal origin. Multiple  Salmonella  strains are antibiotic-resistant due to the common use of antibiotics in farm animals, including broiler farms. In this study, an alternative strategy using phage-based treatment was evaluated against  Salmonella  isolated from the broiler production. The prevalence of  Salmonella  spp. showed up to 46.2 and 44.4% in bedding samples from the broiler farms located in eastern and southern Thailand, respectively. Overall, 21 samples (36.2%) were positive for  Salmonella  and eight serovars were recovered from cloacal swabs, bedding materials (rice husk), and boot swabs collected from five farms. Up to 20  Salmonella  phages were isolated from seven water samples from wastewater treatment ponds, a river, and a natural reservoir in Songkhla province. Isolated phages were investigated, as well as their lysis ability on eight target  Salmonella  serovars derived from broiler farms, five foodborne outbreak-related serovars, and 10 multidrug-resistant (MDR) serovars. All phages showed a strong lytic ability against five serovars of  Salmonella  derived from broiler farms including Kentucky, Saintpaul, Schwarzengrund, Corvalis, and Typhimurium; three foodborne outbreak serovars including Enteritidis, Typhimurium, and Virchow; and eight MDR serovars including Agona, Albany, Give, Kentucky, Typhimurium, Schwarzengrund, Singapore, and Weltevreden. Three phages with the highest lysis potential including vB_SenS_WP109, vB_SenS_WP110, and vB_SenP_WP128 were selected for a phage cocktail preparation. Overall, a phage cocktail could reduce  Salmonella  counts by 2.2–2.8 log units at 6 h of treatment. Moreover,  Salmonella  did not develop a resistant pattern after being treated with a phage cocktail. Findings here suggest that a phage cocktail is an effective biocontrol to combat  Salmonella  derived from broiler production chain, other serovars linked to foodborne outbreaks, and MDR serovars.

frontiers in microbiology

Isolation and Characterization of Potential Salmonella Phages Targeting Multidrug-Resistant and Major Serovars of Salmonella Derived From Broiler Production Chain in Thailand