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Immotthia  is a poorly known genus, and currently, no DNA sequence data are available to ascertain its proper phylogenetic placement and evolutionary relationships with other bitunicate fungi. To date, there are only two species accepted in the genus. During our ongoing research study of bambusicolous fungi in southwest China and Thailand, a fungus associated with stromata of  Hypoxylon  sp. was found on dead bamboo culms in Loei Province, Thailand. Preliminary morphological identification revealed that the fungal collection belongs to  Immotthia . A novel species,  Immotthia bambusae , is introduced herein based on a comparison of morphological characteristics with the type specimen of  I. hypoxylon  (≡  Amphisphaeria hypoxylon  Ellis and Everh.), a synonym of  I. atrograna  (Cooke and Ellis) M. E. Barr. Phylogenetic analyses of a concatenated ITS, LSU, SSU, and TEF1-α DNA sequence matrix showed that  Immotthia  belongs to Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales. Despite  I. bambusae  strains constituting a supported subclade, they are nested with the genus  Pseudocoleophoma .  Pseudocoleophoma clematidis  is morphologically different from all other  Pseudocoleophoma  species, while its conidial characteristics are similar to  Cyclothyriella . Multigene phylogenetic analyses showed that  P. clematidis  formed a clade basal to  Immotthia , separated from  Pseudocoleophoma  with strong statistical support. Therefore, we introduce a monotypic genus,  Pseudocyclothyriella  Phukhams. and Phookamsak, gen. nov. to accommodate the single species,  Pseudocyclothyriella clematidis  (Phukhams. and K. D. Hyde) Phukhams. and Phookamsak, comb. nov. Detailed descriptions, color micrographs, and phylogenetic trees to show the placement of the new taxa are provided. In addition, an updated taxonomic treatment of the genera  Immotthia  and  Pseudocyclothyriella  is also provided based on the study of the type materials and phylogeny generated from DNA sequence data.

frontiers in microbiology

Reappraisal of Immotthia in Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales: Introducing Immotthia bambusae sp. nov. and Pseudocyclothyriella clematidis comb. et gen. nov. Based on Morphology and Phylogeny