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Examination of fungal specimens collected in the Atlantic rain forest ecosystems of Northeast Brazil revealed many potentially new epigeous and semihypogeous glomerocarp-producing species of the phylum Glomeromycota. Among them were two fungi that formed unorganized epigeous glomerocarps with glomoid spores of almost identical morphology. The sole structure that distinguished the two fungi was the laminate layer 2 of their three-layered spore wall, which in spores of the second fungus crushed in PVLG-based mountants contracted and, consequently, transferred into a crown-like structure. Surprisingly, phylogenetic analyses of sequences of the 18S-ITS-28S nuc rDNA and the  rpb1  gene indicated that these glomerocarps represent two strongly divergent undescribed species in the family Glomeraceae. The analyses placed the first in the genus  Dominikia , and the second in a sister clade to the monospecific generic clade  Kamienskia  with  Kamienskia bistrata . The first species was described here as  Dominikia glomerocarpica  sp. nov. Because  D. glomerocarpica  is the first glomerocarp-forming species in  Dominikia , the generic description of this genus was emended. The very large phylogenetic distance and the fundamental morphological differences between the second species and  K. bistrata  suggested us to introduce a new genus, here named as  Epigeocarpum  gen. nov., and name the new species  Epigeocarpum crypticum  sp. nov. In addition, our analyses also focused on an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus originally described as  Rhizophagus neocaledonicus , later transferred to the genus  Rhizoglomus . The analyses indicated that this species does not belong to any of these two genera but represents a new clade at the rank of genus in the Glomeraceae, here described as  Silvaspora  gen. nov.

frontiers in microbiology

New Glomeromycotan Taxa, Dominikia glomerocarpica sp. nov. and Epigeocarpum crypticum gen. nov. et sp. nov. From Brazil, and Silvaspora gen. nov. From New Caledonia