English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Plasmodiophora brassicae  is a devastating obligate, intracellular, biotrophic pathogen that causes clubroot disease in crucifer plants. Disease progression is regulated by effector proteins secreted by  P. brassicae . Twelve  P. brassicae  putative effectors ( Pb PEs), expressed at various stages of disease development [0, 2, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days post inoculation (DPI)] in Arabidopsis and localizing to the plant endomembrane system, were studied for their roles in pathogenesis. Of the 12  Pb PEs, seven showed an inhibitory effect on programmed cell death (PCD) as triggered by the PCD inducers,  PiINF1  ( Phytophthora infestans  Infestin 1) and  PiNPP1  ( P. infestans  necrosis causing protein). Showing the strongest level of PCD suppression,  PbPE15 , a member of the 2-oxoglutarate (2OG) and Fe (II)-dependent oxygenase superfamily and with gene expression during later stages of infection, appears to have a role in tumorigenesis as well as defense signaling in plants.  PbPE13  produced an enhanced  PiINF1 -induced PCD response. Transient expression, in  Nicotiana benthamiana  leaves of these  Pb PEs minus the signal peptide (SP) ( Δ sp   Pb PEGFPs), showed localization to the endomembrane system, targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), Golgi bodies and nucleo-cytoplasm, suggesting roles in manipulating plant cell secretion and vesicle trafficking.  Δ sp   Pb PE13GFP localized to plasma membrane (PM) lipid rafts with an association to plasmodesmata, suggesting a role at the cell-to-cell communication junction. Membrane relocalization of  Δ sp   Pb PE13GFP, triggered by flagellin N-terminus of  Pseudomonas aeruginosa  (flg22 – known to elicit a PAMP triggered immune response in plants), supports its involvement in raft-mediated immune signaling. This study is an important step in deciphering  P. brassicae  effector roles in the disruption of plant immunity to clubroot disease.

Endomembrane-Targeting Plasmodiophora brassicae Effectors Modulate PAMP Triggered Immune Responses in Plants