English (United Kingdom)

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/featured_content/oa?rat=en

https://curated-unify.zendy.io/wp-json/zendy-region/v1/highlighted_journal/

Global: Zendy Plus annual

Presents the access of premium content as premium feature

Premium Content

Presents the keyphrase highlighting as premium feature

Keyphrase Highlighting

Presents the summarisation as premium feature

Summarisation

Insights

Presents the pdf analysis as premium feature

PDF Analysis

Presents the zaia usage as premium feature

ZAIA

Global: Zendy Tools annual

Global: Zendy Free Plan

Global: Zendy Tools monthly

Global: Zendy Plus monthly

The emergence of drug resistant bacteria is a tricky and confronted problem in modern medicine, and one of important reasons is the widespread of toxin-antitoxin (TA) systems in pathogenic bacteria.  Edwardsiella piscicida  (also known as  E. tarda ) is the leading pathogen threatening worldwide fresh and seawater aquaculture industries and has been considered as a model organism for studying intracellular and systemic infections. However, the role of type II TA systems are completely unknown in aquatic pathogenic bacteria. In this study, we identified and characterized a type II TA system, YefM-YoeB, of  E. piscicida , where YefM is the antitoxin and YoeB is the toxin.  yefM  and  yoeB  are co-expressed in a bicistronic operon. When expressed in  E. coli , YoeB cause bacterial growth arrest, which was restored by the addition of YefM. To investigate the biological role of the TA system, two markerless  yoeB  and  yefM-yoeB  in-frame mutant strains, TX01Δ yoeB  and TX01Δ yefM-yoeB , were constructed, respectively. Compared to the wild strain TX01, TX01Δ yefM-yoeB  exhibited markedly reduced resistance against oxidative stress and antibiotic, and markedly reduced ability to form persistent bacteria. The deletion of  yefM-yoeB  enhanced the bacterial ability of high temperature tolerance, biofilm formation, and host serum resistance, which is the first study about the relationship between type II TA system and serum resistance.  In vitro  infection experiment showed that the inactivation of  yefM-yoeB  greatly enhanced bacterial capability of adhesion in host cells. Consistently,  in vivo  experiment suggested that the  yefM-yoeB  mutation had an obvious positive effect on bacteria dissemination of fish tissues and general virulence. Introduction of a trans-expressed  yefM-yoeB  restored the virulence of TX01Δ yefM-yoeB . These findings suggest that YefM-YoeB is involved in responding adverse circumstance and pathogenicity of  E. piscicida . In addition, we found that YefM-YoeB negatively autoregulated the expression of  yefM-yoeB  and YefM could directly bind with own promoter. This study provides first insights into the biological activity of type II TA system YefM-YoeB in aquatic pathogenic bacteria and contributes to understand the pathogenesis of  E. piscicida .

frontiers in microbiology

Edwardsiella piscicida YefM-YoeB: A Type II Toxin-Antitoxin System That Is Related to Antibiotic Resistance, Biofilm Formation, Serum Survival, and Host Infection