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Clubroot caused by  Plasmodiophora brassicae  is one of the most destructive diseases in cruciferous crops.  Streptomyces alfalfae  XY25  T  , a biological control agent, exhibited great ability to relieve clubroot disease, regulate rhizosphere bacterial and fungal communities in Chinese cabbage, and promote its growth in greenhouse. Therefore, field experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of  S. alfalfae  XY25  T   on clubroot and rhizosphere microbial community in Chinese cabbage. Results showed that the control efficiency of clubroot by  S. alfalfae  XY25  T   was 69.4%. Applying the agent can alleviate soil acidification; increase the contents of soil organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium; and enhance activities of invertase, urease, catalase, and alkaline phosphatase. During Chinese cabbage growth, bacterial diversity decreased first and then increased, and fungal diversity decreased gradually after inoculation with  S. alfalfae  XY25  T  . High-throughput sequencing analysis showed that the main bacterial phyla were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Acidobacteria, and Planctomycetes, and the major fungal phyla were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota in rhizosphere soil. The dominant bacterial genera were  Flavobacterium ,  Candidatus ,  Pseudomonas ,  Stenotrophomonas ,  Sphingomonas ,  Flavisolibacter , and  Gemmatimonbacteria  with no significant difference in abundance, and the major fungal genera were  Monographella ,  Aspergillus ,  Hypocreales ,  Chytridiaceae ,  Fusarium ,  Pleosporales ,  Agaricales ,  Mortierella , and  Pleosporales . The significant differences were observed among  Pleosporales ,  Basidiomycota ,  Colletotrichum , two strains attributed to  Agaricales , and another two unidentified fungi by using  S. alfalfae  XY25  T  . Moreover, quantitative real-time PCR results indicated that  P. brassicae  content was significantly decreased after the agent inoculation. In conclusion,  S. alfalfae  XY25  T   can affect rhizosphere microbial communities; therefore, applying the agent is an effective approach to reduce the damage caused by clubroot.

Control of Streptomyces alfalfae XY25T Over Clubroot Disease and Its Effect on Rhizosphere Microbial Community in Chinese Cabbage Field Trials