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This study aimed to investigate the impact of the food matrix (orange juice and yogurt) on the effects of the spore-forming probiotic microorganism  Bacillus coagulans  GBI-30 6086 in health parameters and gastrointestinal tract (gut) bacterial diversity in  Wistar  male rats. Rats ( n  = 48) were randomly distributed into six groups. The groups were the Control (which received sterile distilled water), Juice (which received orange juice), Yogurt (which received yogurt), Probiotic  Bacillus  (which received  B. coagulans  GBI-30 6086 in distilled water), Probiotic Juice (which received orange juice with  B. coagulans  GBI-30 6086), and Probiotic Yogurt (which received yogurt with  B. coagulans  GBI-30 6086). Each animal belonging to the different groups was treated for 21 days. The daily administration of probiotic juice or probiotic yogurt did not affect the rats’ food or body weight. Rats fed with Probiotic Yogurt showed lower glucose and triglycerides levels ( p  < 0.05) in comparison to the control group ( p  < 0.05), while no changes in these parameters were observed in the rats fed with Probiotic Juice. Rats fed with Probiotic Yogurt showed a higher gut bacterial diversity than the control group ( p  < 0.05), and higher abundance ( p  < 0.05) of  Vibrionales ,  Enterobacteriales ,  Burkholderiales ,  Erysipelotrichales , and  Bifidobacteriales  compared to all other groups. No changes were observed in the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes or heat shock protein 70 of rats fed with probiotic yogurt or probiotic juice. Results reveal that the consumption of yogurt containing  B. coagulans  GBI-30 6086 decreases triglycerides and glucose levels and positively impacts the gut bacterial ecology in healthy rats. These animal model findings indicate that the matrix also impacts the functionality of foods carrying spore-forming probiotics. Besides, this research indicates that yogurt is also a suitable food carrier of  Bacillus coagulans  GBI-30 6086.

frontiers in microbiology

Orange Juice and Yogurt Carrying Probiotic Bacillus coagulans GBI-30 6086: Impact of Intake on Wistar Male Rats Health Parameters and Gut Bacterial Diversity