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The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of ethanol vapor on the inhibition of  Alternaria alternata  and  Botrytis cinerea  in postharvest blueberry and the induction of defense-related enzymes (DREs) activities in fungi-inoculated blueberries stored at 0±0.5°C for 16days. Results indicated that ethanol vapor markedly inhibited the mycelial growth of  A. alternata  and  B. cinerea  in a dose-dependent manner, with inhibition rates of 9.1% (250μlL −1 ), 36.4% (500μlL −1 ), and 5.5% (1,000μlL −1 ) on  A. alternata  and 14.2% (250μlL −1 ), 44.7% (500μlL −1 ), and 76.6% (1,000μlL −1 ) on  B. cinerea , respectively. Meanwhile, ethanol vapor also enhanced the activities of DREs in fungi-inoculated blueberries, including  β -1,3-glucanase (GLU), chitinase (CHI), phenylalnine ammonialyase (PAL), peroxidase (POD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO). In particular, 500μlL −1  ethanol vapor increased the activities of DREs by 84.7% (GLU), 88.0% (CHI), 37.9% (PAL), 85.5% (POD), and 247.0% (PPO) in  A. alternata -inoculated blueberries and 103.8% (GLU), 271.1% (CHI), 41.1% (PAL), 148.3% (POD), and 74.4% (PPO) in  B. cinerea -inoculated blueberries, respectively. But, the activity of PPO was decreased by 55.2 and 31.9% in 500μlL −1  ethanol-treated blueberries inoculated with  A. alternata  and  B. cinerea , respectively, after 8days of storage. Moreover, the surface structure and ultrastructure of 500μlL −1  ethanol-treated blueberry fruit cells were more integrated than those of other treatments. The findings of the present study suggest that ethanol could be used as an activator of defense responses in blueberry against  Alternaria  and  Botrytis  rots, by activating DREs, having practical application value in the preservation of postharvest fruit and vegetables.

frontiers in microbiology

Effect of Ethanol Vapor Treatment on the Growth of Alternaria alternata and Botrytis cinerea and Defense-Related Enzymes of Fungi-Inoculated Blueberry During Storage