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Preservation of the phytostimulatory functions of plant growth-promoting bacteria relies on the adaptation of their community to the rhizosphere environment. Here, an amplicon sequencing approach was implemented to specifically target microorganisms with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity, carrying the  acdS  gene. We stated the hypothesis that the relative phylogenetic distribution of  acdS  carrying microorganisms is affected by the presence or absence of root hairs, soil type, and depth. To this end, a standardized soil column experiment was conducted with maize wild type and root hair defective  rth3  mutant in the substrates loam and sand, and harvest was implemented from three depths. Most  acdS  sequences (99%) were affiliated to Actinobacteria and Proteobacteria, and the strongest influence on the relative abundances of sequences were exerted by the substrate.  Variovorax, Acidovorax , and  Ralstonia  sequences dominated in loam, whereas  Streptomyces  and  Agromyces  were more abundant in sand. Soil depth caused strong variations in  acdS  sequence distribution, with differential levels in the relative abundances of  acdS  sequences affiliated to  Tetrasphaera, Amycolatopsis , and  Streptomyces  in loam, but  Burkholderia ,  Paraburkholderia , and  Variovorax  in sand. Maize genotype influenced the distribution of  acdS  sequences mainly in loam and only in the uppermost depth. Variovorax  acdS  sequences were more abundant in WT, but  Streptomyces, Microbacterium , and  Modestobacter  in  rth3  rhizosphere. Substrate and soil depth were strong and plant genotype a further significant single and interacting drivers of  acdS  carrying microbial community composition in the rhizosphere of maize. This suggests that maize rhizosphere  acdS  carrying bacterial community establishes according to the environmental constraints, and that root hairs possess a minor but significant impact on  acdS  carrying bacterial populations.

Soil Texture, Sampling Depth and Root Hairs Shape the Structure of ACC Deaminase Bacterial Community Composition in Maize Rhizosphere