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Land management practices can vastly influence belowground plant traits due to chemical, physical, and biological alteration of soil properties. Beneficial  Pseudomonas  spp. are agriculturally relevant bacteria with a plethora of plant growth promoting (PGP) qualities, including the potential to alter plant physiology by modulating plant produced ethylene  via  the action of the bacterial enzyme 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) deaminase ( acdS ). This study evaluated the impact of land management legacy on the selection and function of wheat root associated culturable pseudomonad isolates. Three distinct previous land uses prior to wheat culture (grassland, arable, and bare fallow) were tested and culturable pseudomonad abundance, phylogeny ( gyrB  and  acdS  genes), function (ACC deaminase activity), and the co-selection of  acdS  with other PGP genes examined. The pseudomonad community could to some extent be discriminated based on previous land use. The isolates from rhizosphere and root compartments of wheat had a higher  acdS  gene frequency than the bulk soil, particularly in plants grown in soil from the bare fallow treatment which is known to have degraded soil properties such as low nutrient availability. Additionally, other genes of interest to agriculture encoding anti-fungal metabolites, siderophores, and genes involved in nitrogen metabolism were highly positively associated with the presence of the  acdS  gene in the long-term arable treatment in the genomes of these isolates. In contrast, genes involved in antibiotic resistance and type VI secretion systems along with nitrogen cycling genes were highly positively correlated with the  acdS  gene in bare fallow isolated pseudomonad. This highlights that the three land managements prior to wheat culture present different selection pressures that can shape culturable pseudomonad community structure and function either directly or indirectly  via  the influence of wheat roots.

Land Management Legacy Affects Abundance and Function of the acdS Gene in Wheat Root Associated Pseudomonads